विवेचन सारांश
The Qualities of A True Devotee
The 12th Chapter of the Bhagavadgītā is about the Yoga of Devotion, and describes the various steps to get to the Divine. It also takes into account that we humans are ordinary devotees hence HE instructs us to begin with karma yoga where we renounce the fruits of action by submitting them to HIM. We then begin performing every action for the sake of The Supreme, which is the yoga of devotion.
The Vivechan began with the ceremonial prayer and lamp lighting ceremony.
The Supreme, in all HIS mercy,
has chosen to tell HIS Supreme knowledge to Arjuna. In a way He has chosen us too, to walk on this path of The Geeta.Chapter 18, verses 68 and 69 say,
य इदं परमं गुह्यं मद्भक्तेष्वभिधास्यति |
भक्तिं मयि परां कृत्वा मामेवैष्यत्यसंशय: || 68||
न च तस्मान्मनुष्येषु कश्चिन्मे प्रियकृत्तम: |
भविता न च मे तस्मादन्य: प्रियतरो भुवि || 69||
The devotees, who know this most confidential knowledge perform the greatest act of love. They will come to ME, without doubt. No human being does more loving service to ME than they do; nor shall there ever be anyone on this earth more dear to ME. In the beginning of this chapter, Arjuna asks about the best way to reach the Supreme. He inquires, if the best way to reach HIM was through the manifest (Sagun Sakaar) devotion or Unmanifest (Nirgun, Nirakaar) devotion? HE replies that one can reach the Supreme either way, but the manifest way is better. We should always remember that the answers given by a spiritual master are, according to what is best suited for the questioner. Arjuna was on the battlefield and thus it was important for him to know that Sagun Sakaar worship is the better option for him.
In the 5th verse HE states that worship of the Unmanifest is tougher and requires more preparations.
From 6th verse onward HE explained various ways to reach HIM, such as surrendering all actions to HIM, considering all actions as HIS worship, constantly meditating on HIM, offering all actions to HIM and keep practicing the same.
12.9
atha cittaṁ(m) samādhātuṁ(n), na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram,
abhyāsayogena tato, māmicchāptuṁ(n) dhanañjaya. 12.9
If you cannot steadily fix the mind on Me, O Arjuna! then seek to attain Me through the Yoga of practice.
12.9 writeup
abhyāse'pyaṣamartho'si, matkarmaparamo bhava,
madarthamapi karmāṇi, kurvansiddhimavāpsyasi. 12.10
If you are unable even to the pursuit of such practice, be intent to work for Me; you shall attain perfection (in the shape of My realization) even by performing actions for My sake.
athaitadapyaśakto'si, kartuṁ(m) madyogamāśritaḥ,
sarVākarmaphalatyāgaṁ(n), tataḥ(kh) kuru yatātmavān. 12.11
If, taking recourse to the Yoga of My realization, you are unable even to do this, then, subduing your mind and intellect etc., relinquish the fruit of all actions.
If one is unable to practice all the things that HE has mentioned in the previous verses, one is not able to control all the senses of knowledge and action, then one can just renounce all the fruits of the action to HIM.
Swami Govind Dev Giri ji Maharaj, who is the founder of Geeta Pariwar says that at a young age, we should not renounce fruits of our actions. At young age, if we do not keep a target, have a goal, we will not achieve anything. He urges the youth to achieve first and then renounce it. He advises the youth to nurture a dream, believe in themselves, achieve the dream and then renounce it.
Just like a child, Arjuna thinks that the 1st option is the best and the last option is a bit of a compromise by virtue of the chronological order. So here, Bhagwan clarifies and reassures Arjuna not to be confused and that renouncing the fruit of his actions is indeed the best option.
Just like a child, Arjuna thinks that the 1st option is the best and the last option is a bit of a compromise by virtue of the chronological order. So here, Bhagwan clarifies and reassures Arjuna not to be confused and that renouncing the fruit of his actions is indeed the best option.
śreyo hi jñānamabhyāsāj, jñānāddhyānaṁ(v̐) viśiṣyate,
dhyānātkarmaphalatyāgaḥ(s), tyāgācchāntiranantaram.12.12.
Knowledge is better than practice without discernment, meditation on God is superior to knowledge, and renunciation of the fruit of actions is even superior to meditation; for, peace immediately follows from renunciation.
From the practice that was mentioned in the 9th Verse of this chapter, knowledge is better because if a person is asked to chant 'Rama-Naam' and he does not know what is the chanting all about then it becomes a mechanical action .
On the contrary if one does it sincerely after knowing who Lord Rama is and he understands that the Supreme HIMSELF is Lord Rama and HIS attributes are explained to him, his understanding increases and he chants in a better way. Now when this man practices the 'Ram-Naam' with the knowledge he has gained, he chants with one pointed attention and starts meditating upon Lord Rama, and climbs a notch higher.
It is said that renunciation of the fruit of action is superior to meditation because renunciation IMMEDIATELY brings in peace. An example of two sisters was given.
There is only one cup of tea available between the two of them, one decides to give up the tea to the 2nd one. The one who gave up the tea was the happier one throughout the day as she did not have to think about it later. Hence renunciation is the best option.
There is only one cup of tea available between the two of them, one decides to give up the tea to the 2nd one. The one who gave up the tea was the happier one throughout the day as she did not have to think about it later. Hence renunciation is the best option.
In reality Arjuna does not need so many options; if the Supreme orders him to go to war, he will do so. But the Supreme in all HIS mercy is revealing these options to us through Arjuna's as a medium. In these super busy era when we are stressed up for time, HE is giving us various ways, so that we can use the 2/5/10/30 free minutes available to us throughout the day on their contemplation.
From the 13th verse onwards, the Path of Bhakti Yoga is unfolded before us. From verses 13th to 19th Bhagavan tells us about the 36 qualities of a devotee. Some people separate the Sanskrit words and list out 39 qualities. Both these figures, 36 or 39 are considered right. By merely wearing a Tilak or chanting with a japa mala, or doing an hour of daily worship, one does not become a devotee. The Gita has given us a checklist of the qualities of a devotee; for us to see where exactly we stand. Similarly in chapter 16, a checklist is provided to understand if we are a good human being.
From the 13th verse onwards, the Path of Bhakti Yoga is unfolded before us. From verses 13th to 19th Bhagavan tells us about the 36 qualities of a devotee. Some people separate the Sanskrit words and list out 39 qualities. Both these figures, 36 or 39 are considered right. By merely wearing a Tilak or chanting with a japa mala, or doing an hour of daily worship, one does not become a devotee. The Gita has given us a checklist of the qualities of a devotee; for us to see where exactly we stand. Similarly in chapter 16, a checklist is provided to understand if we are a good human being.
adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṁ(m), maitraḥ(kh) karuṇa eva ca,
nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ(s), ṣamaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī. 12.13
He who is free from malice towards all beings, friendly and compassionate, and Free from the feelings of 'I' and 'mine', balanced in joy and sorrow & forgiving by nature.
Śrī Bhagavān proclaimed 36/39 qualities to identify a true devotee. By possessing these, one could charm HIM. HE began the list with characteristics one needs to possess while interacting with others.
• Adveṣṭā
One needs to be free of malice or spitefulness towards all beings / creatures (sarvabhūtānāṁ). One should not judge others as good or bad. Only HE is the judge and possesses
the powers to reward or punish. To be counted as HIS devotee one needs to remain neutral. In Chapter 15, verse 15, Bhagavan says,
• Adveṣṭā
One needs to be free of malice or spitefulness towards all beings / creatures (sarvabhūtānāṁ). One should not judge others as good or bad. Only HE is the judge and possesses
the powers to reward or punish. To be counted as HIS devotee one needs to remain neutral. In Chapter 15, verse 15, Bhagavan says,
सर्वस्य चाहं हृदि सन्निविष्टो
I am seated in the hearts of all living beings.
• Maitraḥ
Being friendly with all beings, not only with those whom one likes but also with those whom one dislikes. With one's friends and enemies. When one loses one's goodness due to the other person's behavior, then there is no difference between the two. So it is of utmost importance that we behave consistently with our goodness during all our interactions.
• Karuṇa
One should have compassion for all. One should help everyone without judging and leaving them to their previous karmas. Again it was restated that judging was not our right. An example of our mindset during Corona times was given. One must not think that others are facing these difficult times due to their previous karmas but should rather help all in whatever way one can.
• Nirmamaha
A true devotee should be devoid of the feeling of mine - my mother, my sister, my house, my car, my laptop and so on. It is very difficult to live without 'mine ness'. However, a person needs to understand that "only HE is mine and he himself is also not different from Bhagavān." This attitude will help one to lose all the sense of 'I-ness and mine-ness'.
Nirmamaha is beautifully portrayed by Meera Bai. She proclaims her devotion to Śrī Krishna by singing
• Maitraḥ
Being friendly with all beings, not only with those whom one likes but also with those whom one dislikes. With one's friends and enemies. When one loses one's goodness due to the other person's behavior, then there is no difference between the two. So it is of utmost importance that we behave consistently with our goodness during all our interactions.
• Karuṇa
One should have compassion for all. One should help everyone without judging and leaving them to their previous karmas. Again it was restated that judging was not our right. An example of our mindset during Corona times was given. One must not think that others are facing these difficult times due to their previous karmas but should rather help all in whatever way one can.
• Nirmamaha
A true devotee should be devoid of the feeling of mine - my mother, my sister, my house, my car, my laptop and so on. It is very difficult to live without 'mine ness'. However, a person needs to understand that "only HE is mine and he himself is also not different from Bhagavān." This attitude will help one to lose all the sense of 'I-ness and mine-ness'.
Nirmamaha is beautifully portrayed by Meera Bai. She proclaims her devotion to Śrī Krishna by singing
मेरे तो गिरधर गोपाल, दूसरो ना कोई.
..• Nirahaṅkāraḥ
A devotee should be devoid of Ego. One need not wait for a friend to apologise; instead in a relationship one should initiate a patch up by letting go of one's ego. Śrī Bhagavān likes HIS devotees to be pure at heart and devoid of any defects (vikara). This is a quality HE adores as can be seen from HIS love to play the flute. The flute is hollow from inside, i.e. devoid of any vikara ; same should be a devotee, empty inside to fill up completely with true devotion for The Supreme Being.
• Samaduḥkhasukhaḥ
To remain balanced in all situations. One should remain balanced in sorrow and joy, in pleasure and pain. A balance in emotions is required to remain at peace.
A student scoring 90% marks will be over joyed but when he scores less marks he may suffer depression. To avoid such situations HE coaxes us to live in equanimity. We should rejoice our achievements but not overdo our happiness. Similarly in certain situations we are overcome by sorrow but should not drown in it.
• Kṣamī
Another quality HE looks forward to, in HIS devotees is, being ever Forgiving. It is important not to harbor feelings of revenge. Revenge or punishment is the job of the deities. Forgiveness is an important quality to possess. One should not get anxious of others mistakes; instead one should check one's own mistakes. To err is human. Thus forgive and move on.
A devotee should be devoid of Ego. One need not wait for a friend to apologise; instead in a relationship one should initiate a patch up by letting go of one's ego. Śrī Bhagavān likes HIS devotees to be pure at heart and devoid of any defects (vikara). This is a quality HE adores as can be seen from HIS love to play the flute. The flute is hollow from inside, i.e. devoid of any vikara ; same should be a devotee, empty inside to fill up completely with true devotion for The Supreme Being.
• Samaduḥkhasukhaḥ
To remain balanced in all situations. One should remain balanced in sorrow and joy, in pleasure and pain. A balance in emotions is required to remain at peace.
A student scoring 90% marks will be over joyed but when he scores less marks he may suffer depression. To avoid such situations HE coaxes us to live in equanimity. We should rejoice our achievements but not overdo our happiness. Similarly in certain situations we are overcome by sorrow but should not drown in it.
• Kṣamī
Another quality HE looks forward to, in HIS devotees is, being ever Forgiving. It is important not to harbor feelings of revenge. Revenge or punishment is the job of the deities. Forgiveness is an important quality to possess. One should not get anxious of others mistakes; instead one should check one's own mistakes. To err is human. Thus forgive and move on.
मनुज गलती का पुतला है, यह अक्सर हो ही जाती है॥
जो कर ले ठीक गलती को, उसे इन्सान कहते हैं॥
जो कर ले ठीक गलती को, उसे इन्सान कहते हैं॥
This couplet in Hindi, illustrates that making mistakes is a human trait, but correcting them makes one human. The 1st line refers to others mistakes, wherein it says that we must understand that mistakes do happen. The 2nd line in this couplet is for oneself which says, that one must correct one's own mistakes.
santuṣṭaḥ(s) satataṁ(y̐) yogī, yatātmā dṛḍhaniścayaḥ,
mayyarpitamanobuddhiḥ(r), yo madbhaktaḥ(s) sa me priyaḥ.12.14.
The Yogī who is Ever-concentrated and mentally united with Me, nay, who has subdued his mind, senses and body, has a firm resolve, and has surrendered his mind and reason to Me—that devotee of Mine is dear to Me.
The Supreme further elaborated on the qualities HE seeks in HIS devotees.
• Santuṣṭaḥ
This is the state when one is completely content and when he does not want anything else from the world. Santuṣṭaḥ is the 8th state of the Navdha bhakti. There are 9 types of Bhaktis' - devotion. Navdha Bhakti was described by Rama to Shabri while HE visited her ashram.
HE says one should remain satisfied in all situations. He should be content with whatever he possesses and should be devoid of more desires. A content person does not see fault in others, even in a dream.
• Satataṁ(m) yogī
Yoga is adding or balancing in every situation of life. A yogi is forever balanced and satisfied in life.
• Yatātmā
He who gains self control over himself and the 5 jñānendriyas (senses of perception for knowledge), 5 Karmendriyas (senses for action), mind and intellect is said to be a Yatātmā. If one follows his mind and goes wherever it leads, he would not be called a Yatatma.
• Dṛḍhaniścayaḥ
Conviction along with devotion and dedication is required to pursue goals or tasks. Firm conviction of Parameśvara is what HE seeks from HIS devotees. This was illustrated by the need to remain consistent in one's efforts and pursuit of learning Gītā with regularity in online classes.
• Mayi arpita manobuddhiḥ
HE likes those devotees who dedicate their mind and intellect unto HIM. Thoughts emanate from one's intellect, and love emanates from the mind. Hence, the Divine wants the devotee to think of HIM (from the intellect), and love HIM (from the mind), thereby meditating on HIM with complete devotion.
yasmānnodvijate loko, lokānnodvijate ca yaḥ,
harṣāmarṣabhayodvegaiḥ(r), mukto yaḥ(s) sa ca me priyaḥ 12.15
He who is not a source of annoyance to his fellow-creatures, and who in his turn does not feel vexed with his fellow creatures, and who is free from delight and envy, perturbation and fear, is dear to Me.
Paramātmā is not illustrating any special qualities to Arjuna. These are qualities that we can relate to in our day to day life. Those which we expect from our family, friends, colleagues etc. No one can possess all 36 qualities. However, one should strive to achieve all these qualities. Sincere practice will surely help in achieving some. We can start by targeting 1 or 2. Another important aspect is we must also try to keep the ones we already have and not get affected by our surroundings.
Some more qualities are described in this verse,
• yasmānnodvijate
Yasmāt (by whom) na (not), udvijate (agitated). Bhagavān likes those who are not a source of annoyance or agitation to anyone.
• lokānnodvijate
HE likes those who are not agitated by others. One can control one's own actions but cannot control others' actions. Therefore practicing this trait of not getting agitated by others' actions is extremely difficult. It is important to remain positive at all times and remember that we are precious souls on earth, chosen by Bhagwan HIMSELF. Hence, practice not to get agitated by people or circumstances and remain calm and happy. All bad things shall pass!
• harṣāmarṣa
Equal in pleasure and pain.
• bhayodvegaiḥ
Free from fear and anxiety. The cause of fear and anxiety is attachment. It makes one yearn for the object of attachment and fear separation from it. The moment one becomes detached from material objects, they become fearless.
One who is free from all four qualities of harsh (joy), amarsh (envy), (bhaya) fear, (udvaig) anxiety, is favoured by HIM.
Some more qualities are described in this verse,
• yasmānnodvijate
Yasmāt (by whom) na (not), udvijate (agitated). Bhagavān likes those who are not a source of annoyance or agitation to anyone.
• lokānnodvijate
HE likes those who are not agitated by others. One can control one's own actions but cannot control others' actions. Therefore practicing this trait of not getting agitated by others' actions is extremely difficult. It is important to remain positive at all times and remember that we are precious souls on earth, chosen by Bhagwan HIMSELF. Hence, practice not to get agitated by people or circumstances and remain calm and happy. All bad things shall pass!
• harṣāmarṣa
Equal in pleasure and pain.
• bhayodvegaiḥ
Free from fear and anxiety. The cause of fear and anxiety is attachment. It makes one yearn for the object of attachment and fear separation from it. The moment one becomes detached from material objects, they become fearless.
One who is free from all four qualities of harsh (joy), amarsh (envy), (bhaya) fear, (udvaig) anxiety, is favoured by HIM.
napekṣaḥ(ś) śucirdakṣa, udāsīno gatavyathaḥ,
sarvārambhaparityāgī, yo madbhaktaḥ(s) sa me priyaḥ. 12.16
He who wants nothing, who is both internally and externally pure, is wise and impartial and has risen above all the distractions, and who renounces the sense of doership in all undertakings—such a devotee of Mine is dear to Me.
In this verse HE discusses one's attitude towards Action.
• Anapekṣaḥ
One should be free from expectations, bonds and desires as they are the root cause of sorrow in people. Usually expectations from others cause despair.
This was illustrated by the following beautiful couplet:
Kyun kalpana khushi ki
• Anapekṣaḥ
One should be free from expectations, bonds and desires as they are the root cause of sorrow in people. Usually expectations from others cause despair.
This was illustrated by the following beautiful couplet:
Kyun kalpana khushi ki
क्यों कल्पना खुशी की, खुशी से ज्यादा खुशी देती है
क्यूं सामने की खुशी भी, मुट्ठी से रेत की तरह फिसल जाती है
क्यूं सामने की खुशी भी, मुट्ठी से रेत की तरह फिसल जाती है
Meaning; when one is not content with what one has, and desires for more, he fails to experience the pleasure from what he has, causing the current happiness to slip away, as sand would slip from one's hand. One should enjoy what he has and not be sad by what he does not have.
• śucir
Quality of being pure externally and internally.
• dakṣa
One who is an expert and one who puts in his best efforts for all actions. Such a person is always alert.
• udāsīno
This is the quality to remain unconcerned and unattached to all activities around us. We were advised not to interfere in others activities as well. Undue interference was discouraged. For example if we are chanting and someone else receives a phone call, we must stay absorbed in our work, without inquiring; who called and what the conversation that ensued was? It was also suggested that remaining unconcerned does not mean not correcting or suggesting something. We can correct when necessary but it must be done with love, but without attachment.
• gatavyathaḥ
Free from all pain and anxiety.
• sarvārambhaparityāgī
Not initiating new desires and renouncing every action. Remaining focused on our goals and not initiating activities such as going for picnics and outings was suggested here.
• śucir
Quality of being pure externally and internally.
• dakṣa
One who is an expert and one who puts in his best efforts for all actions. Such a person is always alert.
• udāsīno
This is the quality to remain unconcerned and unattached to all activities around us. We were advised not to interfere in others activities as well. Undue interference was discouraged. For example if we are chanting and someone else receives a phone call, we must stay absorbed in our work, without inquiring; who called and what the conversation that ensued was? It was also suggested that remaining unconcerned does not mean not correcting or suggesting something. We can correct when necessary but it must be done with love, but without attachment.
• gatavyathaḥ
Free from all pain and anxiety.
• sarvārambhaparityāgī
Not initiating new desires and renouncing every action. Remaining focused on our goals and not initiating activities such as going for picnics and outings was suggested here.
- sa me priyaḥ One who is dear to ME
yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi, na śocati na kāṅkṣati,
śubhāśubhaparityāgī, bhaktimānyaḥ(s) sa me priyaḥ. 12.17
He who neither rejoice nor hates, nor grieves , nor desires, and who renounces both good and evil actions and is full of devotion, is dear to Me.
The Divine elaborates on the attitude of a devotee.
HE says, those who neither rejoice at their acquisition (hṛṣyati), nor envy others when in despair (dveṣṭi), neither lament for any loss (śocati), nor harbour new desires (kāṅkṣati), such devotees neither hanker after pleasant worldly situations nor grieve in unpleasant ones. HE further adds that those who renounce both good and evil actions (śubhāśubhaparityāgī), and, are full of devotion (bhaktimānyaḥ) would be dear to HIM.
ṣamaḥ(ś) śatrau ca mitre ca, tathā mānāpamānayoḥ,
śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu, ṣamaḥ(s) saṅgavivarjitaḥ. 12.18
He who deals equally with friend and foe, and is the same in honour and ignominy, who is alike in heat and cold, pleasure and pain and other contrary experiences, and is free from attachment.
More qualities of a perfected devotee were elaborated.
HE says, he who treats his friend and foe (śatrau ca mitre ca) alike (ṣamaḥ), and remains equipoised in honor and dishonor (mānāpamānayoḥ); he who remains calm in contrasting situations like cold and heat, joy and sorrow (śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu) is very dear to HIM. Such an equanimous, impartial and a balanced state can be achieved through detachment (saṅgavivarjitaḥ) only.
It was encouraged to introspect and see if our love for a friend increases or decreases depending upon their behavior towards us. To see, if our body can withstand heat and humidity or we immediately switch on the AC, as soon as we start feeling hot.
It was encouraged to introspect and see if our love for a friend increases or decreases depending upon their behavior towards us. To see, if our body can withstand heat and humidity or we immediately switch on the AC, as soon as we start feeling hot.
tulyanindāstutirmaunī, santuṣṭo yena kenacit,
aniketaḥ(s) sthiRāmatiḥ(r), bhaktimānme priyo naraḥ. 12.19
He who takes praise & criticism alike, and is given to contemplation and is contented with any means of subsistence available, entertaining no sense of ownership and attachment in respect of his dwelling-place and is full of devotion to Me, that person is dear to Me.
HE advises;
Tulyanindāstuti:
to remain equipoised in praise and reproach.
maunī:
One needs to practice silent contemplation and meditation. One observes more and remains in contemplation.
santuṣṭo yena kenacit:
Remain content with whatever one possesses. To remain satisfied in meagre possessions.
aniketaḥ:
Not to entertain sense of ownership or attachment to the residence.
sthiRāmatiḥ:
Intellect is firmly steadied or fixed in Bhagavān.
All these are the different qualities of a devotee dear to HIM.
Tulyanindāstuti:
to remain equipoised in praise and reproach.
maunī:
One needs to practice silent contemplation and meditation. One observes more and remains in contemplation.
santuṣṭo yena kenacit:
Remain content with whatever one possesses. To remain satisfied in meagre possessions.
aniketaḥ:
Not to entertain sense of ownership or attachment to the residence.
sthiRāmatiḥ:
Intellect is firmly steadied or fixed in Bhagavān.
All these are the different qualities of a devotee dear to HIM.
ye tu dharmyāmṛtamidaṁ(y̐), yathoktaṁ(m) paryupāsate,
śraddadhānā matparamā, bhaktāste'tīva me priyāḥa.12.20.
Those devotees, however, who partake in a disinterested way of this nectar of pious wisdom set forth above, endowed with faith and solely devoted to Me, they are extremely dear to me.
The Supreme proclaimed that those fortunate devotees who have heard this elixir of the eternal Dharma (dharmyāmṛtamidaṁ), propounded by HIM, and who are endowed with these qualities and follow them with faith and devotion, and, regard HIM as the Supreme, those devotees are extremely dear to HIM.
Ved Vyasa ji explained the invocation of 'Om Tat Sat'. According to him it is the name of that (Supreme). Alternatively it also begs for forgiveness of all the mistakes made during the recitation / prayer.
The session ended with Hari Sankirtan and Question Answer Session
Name :Ms. Pranjali
Question: Which are the Five Karmendriyas and the Gyanendriyas?
Answer There are five knowledge of senses (Gyanendriyas) which are ears, nose, eyes, skin and tongue and five knowledge of actions (Karmendriyas) are mouth, hands, feet, genitals, rectum.
Ved Vyasa ji explained the invocation of 'Om Tat Sat'. According to him it is the name of that (Supreme). Alternatively it also begs for forgiveness of all the mistakes made during the recitation / prayer.
The session ended with Hari Sankirtan and Question Answer Session
Name :Ms. Pranjali
Question: Which are the Five Karmendriyas and the Gyanendriyas?
Answer There are five knowledge of senses (Gyanendriyas) which are ears, nose, eyes, skin and tongue and five knowledge of actions (Karmendriyas) are mouth, hands, feet, genitals, rectum.
om tatsaditi śrīmadbhagavadgītāsu upaniṣatsu
brahmavidyāyāṃ(y̐) yogaśāstre śrīkṛṣṇārjunasaṃvāde
bhaktiyogo nāma dvādaśo'dhyāyaḥ.
We are sure you enjoyed reading the Vivechan write- up. Please invest three minutes of your time to provide us your feedback. Use the link below:
https://vivechan.learngeeta.com/feedback/
Thank you-For reading the summary
You have enjoyed this vivechan writeup! In spite of intense editing and proofreading, errors of grammar, as also of omission and commission may have crept in. We appreciate your forbearance.
Jai Shri Krishna!
Compiled by: Geeta Pariwar – Creative Writing Department
Har Ghar Gītā, Har Kar Gītā !
Let’s come together with the motto of Geeta Pariwar, and gift our Geeta Classes to all our Family, friends & acquaintances
आओ गीता सीखें, विशुद्ध उच्चारण के साथ
Learn Geeta, Spread Geeta, Live Geeta
|| OM ŚRĪKṚṢṆĀRPAṆAMASTU ||